How do contour lines show whether ground is steep?

Contour lines join points of equal height. Close spacing means a steeper slope and wide spacing means gentler ground; cliffs and crags use additional rock-face symbols, so contours alone do not prove that ground is impassable.

What's the difference between green and black dashed lines on an OS Explorer map?

Green rights-of-way symbols show a legal route, although the path may be faint or obstructed. A black path or track is a mapped physical feature but is not necessarily a public right of way, so it does not by itself grant access.

How should I estimate walking time from a map?

Start with your own pace on easy ground. The classic Naismith rule allows one hour per 5 kilometres plus one hour per 600 metres of ascent, then you adjust for terrain, weather, fatigue and your group.

Staying on Track

Map Reading - The Art of Not Getting Lost (Mostly)

Forget relying on the blue dot alone; here’s how to use a paper map, understand the symbols and turn hillside squiggles into a practical route back to the pub.

25 August 202615 min read